Trabajadores en las Fincas by Frank Díaz Escalet

Dr. A. Lauria Santiago
Contact info

PURPOSE OF THIS COURSEEven before the US existed as a republic, people from "Hispanic" and Indo-America have been incorporated into life and work in the United States but often perceived by Anglo others as members of an "alien" culture.  Through histories of coercion, migration, labor recruitment, family networks, religious conversion, wars of occupation, economic need, political exile, etc., millions of people from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Guatemala, and the rest of Latin America, have somehow become "American," while still remaining (or becoming) a racial or cultural "other" to most Anglo-Americans and the State.  This course will examine the process of departure and arrival--the forces pushing and pulling people from Latin America to the United States .  We will also examine how "Spanish," "Latins," "Hispanics," "Latinos" adjust, integrate, assimilate, resist, and adapt to the many forces that affect their lives in the US over the last century and a half, creating new ethnic, racial and local identities in the process.  By studying the experience of Latinos and Latin American immigrants with racism and discrimination, identity formation, ethnic culture, community formation, work and labor struggles, and social mobility we will map out the heterogeneous mosaic of Latin American and Caribbean diasporas in the US . The study of Latino History is a young discipline, with many gaps and grey areas. It also exists in a complex and tense dialogue (often a monologue) with "larger" anglo-centric US history.  During the last two decades there has been a boom in research and writing in this field and we will be taking advantage of some of its products, although its fruits are still uneven.

REQUIREMENTS:Your participation in this class constitutes an agreement between us. I expect you to follow the guidelines presented below and I, in, turn will do my best to facilitate, in a variety of manners, a body of knowledge that is both polemical and shifting and that calls for your own interpretation and dissection.  Most important, I expect from all students a reasonable degree of enthusiasm and interest through active engagement with course materials.  You will have to complete all requirements in order to receive a grade in this course.  I expect you to come to all class sessions prepared and on time.  In return, I will provide you with feedback on your progress and present these materials to you in a coherent and organized manner. We’ll have short assignments almost every week.  Short assignments will be graded with a plus, a check or a minus and will accumulate towards grades of A, B, or C (if they are all handed in).  The usual grade will be a check which will indicate satisfactory completion (B).  A minus indicates the absence of important components which will be specified.   Lower grades will result from missing homework items.

Participation and attendance:  Your participation in class activities, including attendance, will be an important component of your final grade. I will take attendance most of the time and more than two absences will reduce your class participation grade by half of a full grade for each absence.  The short assignments that form part of the participation grade include occasional short response papers.  They should be about one page long and need not be typewritten as long as your handwriting is legible.   Occasionally we will break down into small discussion groups in order to tackle a particular question or designate students as discussion leaders for a session.

Discussion Papers:  I will provide the topics for the first two of these papers.  They will be based on class readings and discussion.  These papers will need to be 6-7 pages in length and reflect your participation in class, your completion of readings, and your own analysis of these materials.  They will also provide the basis for class discussion.  The third paper should reflect the results of our course work as well your independent research. All papers will have to be properly footnoted and formatted according to Turabian’s Manual of Style.  Do not use parenthetical citation, use footnotes.

Students are required to be familiar with departmental and University guidelines on plagiarism and the submission of written work. 

Please note that stringing together fragments of notes taken from the reading materials does note constitute paper-writing!  Your papers will require analysis of relationships, not mere recitation of facts or stories.  Late papers will be penalized for each day of lateness at the rate of a grade per day.  There will be a writing tutor available in the Department of Latino and Hispanic Caribbean Studies.  I encourage you to take advantage of this valuable resource, it’s not for poor paper writers, it’s for everyone (I use it!).  You are also required to meet with me individually to discuss your strategy for the first and third paper assignments.

Films:  There will be two or three film showings as part of this course. Attendance is required. I’ll do my best to get these on RUTV or other network options in case we show them outside of class time.  Otherwise they’ll be on reserve at the Livingston library or dept.

Midterm and Final Exam: There will be a two short (1 hour) exams, one for each half of the course. They will focus on reading analysis, basic facts and some interpretive issues.

Determination of Grade:

• Three short papers: 15% each, with credit given for improvement
• Class participation and attendance: 25%
• Exam: 30%
• Participation and improvement will decide borderline cases
• Please remember than an A is from 94 to 100 points.  See the department grading scale

Online Course— Sakai and Web Materials:  Please notice that the use of Sakai is not an optional component of the course but a vital parallel track to our class discussions and readings. You should check it once or twice a week and your email daily. This course relies on the completely on SAKAI for access to readings, submission of work, communication, etc. Please learn how to use the system ASAP. The links from the web pages take you directly to the reading. If for some reason this does not work, you can access Sakai directly at sakai.rutgers.edu. Many of the readings are in PDF format. In order to read or print PDF format documents you must have Adobe's Acrobat Reader installed. In order to read documents in MS-Word format you must have MS-Word or a word processor that can import files in MS-Word format (most of them can). 

COURSE ORGANIZATION AND SCHEDULE:

Week 1 – [9/2 & 9/4] Introduction: Latinos in US History: Contemporary and Historical Demographics, Colonial Histories, and Approaches

• Pedro Caban. “Three Decades of Latino Studies.” Latino Studies. 1,1 (2003): 5-35.
• Arthur Corwin. "Mexican American History An Assessment." Pacific Historical Review.
• Arthur Corwin, “Mexican Emigration History, 1900-1970: Literature and Research.” Latin American Research Review. 8:2. [SKIM]

Select one of these two:

• Reginald Horsman, “Race and Manifest Destiny: The Origins of American Racial Anglo-Saxonism,” in Critical White Studies: Looking Behind the Mirror, 139-144.
• Reginald Horsman. "Anglo Saxons and Mexicans." The Latino Condition.

Recommended:

• Alex M. Saragoza. "Recent Chicano Historiography: An Interpretive Essay." Aztlan. 19:1 (1988): 1-77.
• Martha Menchaca, “Racial Segregation and Liberal Policies Then and Now,” in Recovering History, Constructing Race: The Indian, Black, and White Roots of Mexican American. 277-296.

Documents: (take a quick look at some of these) Census Reports

“Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin”: http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/c2kbr01-1.pdf

"The Hispanic Population: Census Brief”: http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/c2kbr01-3.pdf

“The Hispanic Population: 2000”: http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/mso01-hp.pdf

“We the People: Hispanics in the United States ”: http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/censr-18.pdf

“Race and Hispanic Origin of the Population by Nativity: 1850 to 1990”: http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0029/tab08.html

Short Work: (For in-Class use)

• Cabeza De VacaJuan de OñateLa Florida
• Las Carolinas
• Spanish Louisiana
• New Spain

Week 2 – [9/9 & 9/11] Imperial Projects, Capitalism and Race: Colonial Incorporation of Spanish-Speaking Peoples, 1820s-1880s

• Rodolfo Acuña. Occupied America: A History of Chicanos. Chaps 3.
• Andres Reséndez, “National Identity and the Shifting U.S.- Mexico Border 1821-1848,” Journal of American History (86) (Sept 1999).
• "New Mexico Viewed by Anglo-Americans, 1846-1849." New Mexico Historical Review
• Tomas Almaguer. Racial Fault Lines: The Historical Origins of White Supremacy in California. Chap 1.
• Martha Menchaca, “The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Racialization of the Mexican Population,” in Recovering History, Constructing Race: The Indian, Black, and White Roots of Mexican Americans. 215-27.

Recommended:

• Solorzano, Armando. "Struggle over Memory: The Roots of the Mexican Americans in Utah, 1776 through the 1850s." Aztlan. 23, no. 2 (1998): 81-117.
• Max L. Moorhead. "The American invasion of 1846 as told by New Mexicans," New Mexico Historical Review 26 (1/51):68-82.
• Roxanne Dunbar Ortiz. Roots of Resistance: Land Tenure in New Mexico, 1680-1980.
• George Sanchez. Forgotten People: A Study of New Mexicans.
• Alvin R. Sunseri. Seeds of Discord: New Mexico in the Aftermath of the American Conquest, 1846-1861.
• Arnoldo De Leon . They Called Them Greasers: Anglo Attitudes Toward Mexicans in Texas, 1821-1900.
• Timothy M. Matovina. Tejano Religion and Ethnicity: San Antonio, 1821-1860.
• Robert Ryal Miller. Juan Alvardo, Governor of California, 1836-1842.
• Richard H. Peterson. Manifest Destiny in the Mines: A Cultural Interpretation of Anti-Mexican Nativism in California, 1848-1853.
• Leonard Pitt. The Decline of the Californios; A Social History of the Spanish-speaking Californians, 1846-1890.

Short work:

• Race-Cases
• Pueblo and Navajo Indians

Documents:

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Week 3 – [9/16 & 9/18] Imperial Projects, Capitalism and Race: Colonial Incorporation of Spanish-Speaking Peoples, 1880-1910s

• Gonzalez. Harvest of Empire. Ch.2.
• Tomas Almaguer. Racial Fault Lines: The Historical Origins of White Supremacy in California. Chap 2.
• Pedro Caban. Constructing a Colonial People. Chap 3.
• Camarillo, Alberto M. "The Development of the Chicano Working Class in Santa Barbara, California 1860-1897." In Perspectivas En Chicano Studies: Papers Presented at the Third Annual Meeting of the National Association of Chicano Social Science. 41-68.

Recommended:

• Nancy Raquel Mirabal. “‘No Country, but the One We Must Fight For’: The Emergence of an ‘Antillean’ Nation and Community in New York City, 1860-1901,” in Mambo Montage: The Latinization of New York (2001).
• Sarah Deutsch. No Separate Refugee: Culture, Class, and Gender on an Anglo-Hispanic Frontier, 1880-1940. Chaps.
• Jorge Duany. The Puerto Rican Nation on the Move. Chap.3
• Louis Perez, Jr. On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationalism, and Culture. Chap. 2.
• Deena Gonzalez. Refusing the Favor: the Spanish-Mexican women of Santa Fe, 1820-1880. Chaps 2-3 40-107.
• Ilia Rodríguez, “News Reporting and Colonial Discourse: The Representation of Puerto Ricans in U.S Press Coverage of the Spanish-American War,” Howard Journal of Communications 9 (1998): 283-301.
• Anthony Blake Brophy. Foundlings on the Frontier: Racial and Religious Conflict in Arizona Territory, 1904-1905.
• Thomas E. Sheridan. Los Tucsonenses: The Mexican Community in Tucson, 1854-1941.
• Douglas Monroy. Thrown Among Strangers: The Making of Mexican Culture in Frontier California.

Documents:

• Albert Beveridge Campaign Speech, “The March of the Flag,” 16 September 1898.

Short Work: (For in-Class use)

• http://www.adbusters.org/files/media/flash/hope_and_memory/timeline.swf
• http://social.chass.ncsu.edu/~griffin/ps543/Timeline%20of%20US-Latin%20American%20Relations%20since%201823.htm

Week 4 – [9/23 & 9/25] The Formation of Communities: California

• Rodolfo Acuña, Occupied America : A History of Chicanos. Fifth Ed. Chap.7.
• George J. Sanchez. Becoming Mexican American. Chaps. 3-4,9.
• Eduardo Obregó Pagán, “ Los Angeles Geopolitics and the Zoot Riot, 1943,” Social Science History 24 1(Spring 2000): 223-256.

Browse one of these two:

• Jose Alamillo. Making Lemonade out of Lemons: Mexican American Labor and Leisure in a California Town 1880-1960. Chaps. 2,6.
• Guerin-Gonzales. Mexican Workers and the American Dreams. Chaps. 2-3

Recommended (California and other states):

• Gilbert González. Labor and Community: Mexican Citrus Worker Villages in a Southern California County, 1900-1950.
• Karen Isaksen Leonard. Making Ethnic Choices: California’s Pumjabi Mexican Americans. Chapter 6 “Conflict and love in the marriages” 101-122; chap 7 (Childhood in Rural California), 123-143.
• Maggie Rivas-Rodriguez, “Framing Racism: Newspaper Coverage of the Three Rivers Incident,” in Mexican Americans & World War II. Pp. 201-220.
• Ruben F. Arturo Rosales, Pobre Raza: Violence, Justice, and Mobilization among México Lindo Immigrants, 1900-1936.
• Oscar Zeta Acosta. The Revolt of the Cockroach People. 1973.
• Rodolfo Acuna. Anything but Mexican: Chicanos in Contemporary Los Angeles. 1996.
• Rodolfo Acuna. A Community under Siege: A Chronicle of Chicanos East of the Los Angeles River, 1945-1975. 1984.
• Castillo, Pedro G. Mexico en Los Angeles: una historia social y cultural, 1781-1985. Los Noventa.
• Jessie Davies. Francis An Economic and Social History of Mexican California, 1822-1846: Volume I, Chiefly Economic.
• Griswold del Castillo, Richard. The Los Angeles Barrio, 1850-1890: A Social History.
• Haas, Lisbeth. Conquests and Historical Identities in California, 1769-1936. 1995.
• Langum, David J. Law and Community on the Mexican California Frontier: Anglo-American Expatriates and the Clash of Legal Traditions, 1821-1846. 1987.
• Ernest Barksdale Fincher. Spanish-Americans as a Political Factor in New Mexico, 1912-1950. 1974.
• Doris Meyer. Speaking for Themselves: Neomexicano Cultural Identity and the Spanish-language Press, 1880-1920.
• Richard L. Nostrand. The Hispano Homeland.
• Lynne Marie Getz. Schools of their Own: The Education of Hispanos in New Mexico, 1850-1940.
• Suzanne Forrest. The Preservation of the Village: New Mexico's Hispanics and the New Deal.

Short Work:

• Si se Puede--Cesar Chavez and his Legacy

Documents:

Movie:

• Salt of the Earth

Week 5 – [9/30 7 10/2] The Formation of Communities: Texas

• Rodolfo Acuña, Occupied America A History of Chicanos. Fifth Ed. Chap. as posted to Sakai Monday.
• David Montejano. Anglos and Mexicans in the Making of Texas, 1836-1986. Chaps. 8-10.

Skim this one, especially for 1920-1950 period.

• Arnoldo de Leon. Mexican Americans in Texas.  Pp. 5-94

Recommended:

• Tejano Legacy: Rancheros and settlers in south texas, 1734-1900.  Chaps 6-8.
• Arnoldo De León. They Called Them Greasers: Anglo Attitudes Toward Mexicans in Texas, 1821-1900.
• Not room enough.  Mexicans, Anglos and socio-economic change in Texas, 1850-1900.  Chaps 2-5.
• Neil Foley, The White Scourge: Mexicans, Blacks, and Poor Whites in Texas Cotton Culture. Chaps.
• Julie Leininger Pycior. LBJ and Mexican Americans: The Paradox of Power. Chaps 3-5.
• Mario T. García, Desert Immigrants: The Mexicans of El Paso, 1880-1920.
• Thomas A. Guglielmo, “Fighting For Caucasian Rights: Mexicans, Mexican Americans, and the Transnational Struggle for Civil Rights in World War II Texas,” Journal of American History 92, no. 4 (March 2006): 1212-1237.
• Shirley Achor. Mexican Americans in a Dallas Barrio.
• Arnoldo De Leon . Ethnicity in the Sunbelt: A History of Mexican Americans in Houston.
• Richard A. Garcia. Rise of the Mexican American Middle Class: San Antonio, 1929-1941.
• Gloria López-Stafford. A Place in El Paso: A Mexican-American Childhood.

Movie:

• Los Mineros

Short work:

• http://www.asu.edu/lib/archives/website/mining.htmhttp://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/osborn/index.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/seguin.htmhttp://www.amazon.com/Canciones-Mi-Padre-Linda-Ronstadt/dp/B000002H5C/ref=pd_bxgy_m_img_bhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIXNqN4cvLIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FsApt0st_u4
• See note in anouncements for outline due

Week 6 – [10/7 & 10/9] The Formation of Communities: The Midwest

• Vargas. Proletarians of the North. Chaps. 6-7.
• Francisco Arturo Rosales and Daniel T. Simon. "Mexican Immigrant Experience in the Urban Midwest: East Chicago, Indiana, 1919-1945.” In Forging a Community: The Latino Experience in Northwest Indiana, 1919-1975.
• Manuel G. Gonzáles & Cynthia Gonzáles. En Aquel Entonces: Readings in Mexican-American History. Chaps. 13-14.

Pick one:

• Lilia Fernandez. Chap. 1.
• Mapes. Mexican Immigrants, Immigration Debate and Industrial Agriculture in the Midwest." Labor: Studies in Working Class History in the Americas.

Recommended:

• Francisco Balderrama and Raymond Rodriguez. Decade of Betrayal: Mexican Repatriation in the 1930s.  49-125.
• Nicholas de Genova. Working the boundaries. 95-143.
• Abraham Hoffman, Unwanted Mexican Americans in the Great Depression: Repatriation Pressures, 1929-1939 (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1974), 24-38.

Short Work:

• Study the web site linked here--select Border Studies exhibit!Frontera--Online Coverage of The BorderDiego Riera's Murals in Detroit
• East Chicago, Indiana

Documents:

Movie:

Week 7 – [10/14 & 10/16] Mexican Immigrants and Mexican Americans:  Workers, Labor Movements, Labor Migration

• Zaragosa Vargas. Labor Rights Are Civil Rights: Mexican American Workers in Twentieth-Century America . Chaps. 5-6.

Recommended:

•   Mario Barrera. "Class Segmentation and the Political Economy of the Chicano, 1900-1930." In New Directions in Chicano Scholarship, 167-181, 1978.
• Camille Guerin-Gonzales. “Conversing across boundaries of race, ethnicity, class, gender, and region: Latino and Latina labor history.” Labor History, 35:4, (1994): 547-563.
• Juan Ramon Garcia. Operation Wetback: The Mass Deportation of Mexican Undocumented Workers in 1954.
• Gomez-Quiñones. Mexican American Labor. Chaps. 1-6.
• Vargas, Zaragosa. "Obreros Y Sindicatos Chicanos: Varieties of Chicano Working-Class History." International Labor and Working Class History, no. 45 (1994): 108-119.
• Zaragosa Vargas. Labor Rights Are Civil Rights: Mexican American Workers in Twentieth-Century America . Chaps. 5-6.
• Zaragosa Vargas. “Rank and File: Historical Perspectives on Latino/a Workers in the US ,” in Darder, Antonia and Torres, Rodolfo D., eds. Latino Studies Reader.
• John H. M. Laslett "Gender, Class, or Ethno-Cultural Struggle?: The Problematic Relationship between Rose Pesotta and the Los Angeles Ilgwu." California History. 72, no. 1 (1993): 20-39.
• Cletus E. Daniel. Chicano Workers and the Politics of Fairness: The Fepc in the Southwest 1941-1945.
• Joon K. Kim. "The Political Economy of the Mexican Farm Labor Program, 1942-64" Aztlán 29:2 Fall 2004: 13-53.
• Robert Asher and Charles Stephenson, “American Capitalism, Labor Organization, and the Racial/Ethnic Factor: An Exploration.” In Asher and Stephenson, eds., Labor Divided: Race and Ethnicity in United States Labor Struggles, 1835-1960. 3-27.
• Rose, Margaret. "From the Fields to the Picket Line: Huelga Women and the Boycott, 1965-1975." Labor History. 31:3 (1990): 271-293.

Documents:

A virtual walking tour of Working Class Chicago History

Woman Hero of Chicano Workers Struggle

Movie:

• Chicano, part I

Week 8 – [10/21 & 10/23] The Mexican American Generations, Rights and Mexican Immigration, 1940-1970s

• Manuel G. Gonzalez & Cynthia Gonzales. En Aquel Entonces: Readings in Mexican-American History. Chaps. 16, 23, 25.

Pick One:

• Richard R. Valencia, “The Mexican American Struggle for Equal Educational Opportunity in Mendez v. Westminster: Helping to Pave the Way for Brown v. Board of Education,” Teachers College Record 107, no. 3 (March 2005): 389-423.
• A. Reynaldo Contreras and Leonard A. Valverde, “The Impact of Brown on the Education of Latinos,” Journal of Negro Education 63, 3 (Summer 1994): 470-481.
• Armando Navarro, “The Epoch of Social Action Politics (1946-1965),” in Mexicano Political Experience in Occupied Aztlán: Struggles and Change, 231-301.
• Carlos K. Blanton, “George I. Sánchez, Ideology, and Whiteness in the Making of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement, 1930-1960,” Journal of Southern History LXXII, no. 3 (August 2006): 569-604

Recommended:

• Mario T. García Memories of Chicano History: The Life & Narrative of Bert Corona.
• Patricia Preciado Martín. Songs My Mother Sang to Me: An Oral History of Mexican American Women (Tucson: U. of Arizona, 1992).

Documents:

Short Work:

• http://www.pochanostra.com/

Movie:

• Chicano!, Part 3

Week 9 – [10/28 & 10/30] Early Puerto Rican Communities to 1960

• Virginia E. Sanchez Korrol. From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City. Chap. 2.
• Virginia Sanchez Korrol. "Survival of Puerto Rican Women in NY Before WWII"
• Carmen Teresa Whalen. “Colonialism, Citizenship, and the Making of the Puerto Rican Diaspora: An Introduction.” In The Puerto Rican Diaspora, Historical Persepectives.
• Carmen Teresa Whalen and Victor Vazquez-Hernandez eds. Chap.1.
• Linda Delgado. “Jesus Colon and the Making of a New York City Community, 1917 to 1974.” In The Puerto Rican Diaspora, Historical Persepectives. Carmen Teresa Whalen and Victor Vazquez-Hernandez eds. Chap. 3.

Recommended:

• Gerald Meyer. Vito Marcantonio: Radical Politician, 1902-1954. Chap.7.
• Ruth Glasser. My Music is my Flag. Chap. 3.
• Juan Flores. Divided Arrival: Narratives of the Puerto Rican Migration, 1920-1950. Chaps.
• Edwin Maldonado. “Contract Labor and the Origins of the Puerto Rican Community.” In Forging a Community: The Latino Experience in Northwest Indiana, 1919-1975.
• Jesús Colón. A Puerto Rican in New York, & Other Sketches.
• Sanchez, Boricua Power, Chap. 2.

Documents:Memoirs of Bernardo Vega. Selected Pages.

Movies:

• From Mambo to Hip Hop
• Los Borinqueneers

Short Work:

• Puerto Rican Music

Week 10 – [11/4 & 11/6] The Puerto Rican Experience in New York City: Labor Migration, Deindustrialization, and Urban Crisis

• Carmen Whalen. From Puerto Rico to Philadelphia: Puerto Rican Workers and Postwar Economies.  Chaps. 2 and 3.

Recommended:

• Arlene Davila. Barrios Dreams: Puerto Ricans, Latinos and the Neoliberal City.  Chaps 1-2 and 5. (90)
• Ramon Grosfoguel, “Puerto Rican Labor Migration to the United States : Modes of Incorporation, Coloniality, and Identities.”
• Andres Torres. Between Melting Pot and Mosaic: African Americans and Puerto Ricans in the New York Political Economy. Chap 3.
• Virgina Sanchez Korrol. “Building the New York-Puerto Rican Community: An Interpretation.”in Boricuas in Gotham. Puerto Ricans in the Making of Modern New York City.
• Gabriel Haslip Viera, Angelo Falcon & Felix Matos, eds. Chap 1.
• Gabrial Haslip Viera, “The Evolution of the Latino Community in New York: Early Nineteenth Century to the Present.” In Latinos in New York: Communities in Transition.
• Gabrial Haslip-Viera & Sherrie Baver eds. Chap. 1. Joshua Freedman. Working Class New York. Chap. 11.
• Frank Bonilla. "Manos que Sobran: Work, Migration and the Puerto Ricans in the 1990s". In The Commuter Nation: Perspectives on Puerto Rican Migration, eds. Carlos Antonio Torre, Hugo Rodríguez Vecchini and William Burgos, 115–49.
• Center for Puerto Rican Studies. Labor Migration under Capitalism. Chap. 5.
• Sanchez, Boricua Power, Chaps.
• Frank Bonilla and Ricardo Campos. 1981. “A Wealth of Poor: Puerto Ricans in the New Economic Order.” Daedalus, 110:2,133-176.

Documents:

Short Work:

• Puerto Rican Dreams--A Multimedia History of the Puerto Rican Experience

Movie:

• That old Gang of Mine

Week 11 – [11/11 & 11/13] Up from Puerto Rico: Migration, Work and Community in Philadelphia, Chicago, Hartford and Boston

• Carmen Teresa Whalen. From Puerto Rico to Philadelphia: Puerto Rican Workers and Postwar Economies.  Chaps. 5-7.
• Ana Y. Ramos Zayas. National Performances: The Politics of Class, Race and Space in Puerto Rican Chicago. Chap. 2.

Recommended:

• Andres Torres, ed.  Latinos in New England.
• Ruth Glasser. Aquí Me Quedo: Puerto Ricans in Connecticut. Chaps. 2-3.
• Gina Perez.  The Near Northwest Side Story: Migration, Displacement, and Puerto Rican Families. Chap. 5.

Documents:

Short Work:

• Write a one page summary of Whalen's examination of any of these three aspects of the Puerto Rican experience in Philadelphia
• Housing/Employment/Unemployment
• Context of emigration of individuals in towns in Puerto Rico
• Spend half an hour studying any section of the Puerto Rican Dreams Web site--be prepared to discuss in class. Look carefully; there are online lectures, documents, art gallery...

Week 12 – [11/18 & 11/20] Latino Political and Social Movements--1965-1980s

Read any three of these, prepare notes for discussion on Thursday. Asterisk items are the most recommended.

• **Escobar.  “The Dialectics of Repression: The Los Angeles Police Department and the Chicano Movement, 1968-1971.” The Journal of American History 79:4 (March 1993): 1483-1514.
• **Jeffrey O. G. Ogbar, “Puerto Rican En Mi Corazón: The Young Lords, Black Power, and Puerto Rican Nationalism in the U.S. , 1966-1972,” Centro Journal XVIII, 001 (2006): 148-169.
• Robert Bauman, “The Black Power and Chicano Movements in the Poverty Wars in Los Angeles,” Journal of Urban History 33, 2, (2007): 277-295.
• **Carmen Teresa Whalen, “Bridging Homeland and Barrio Politics: The Young Lords in Philadelphia,” in The Puerto Rican Movement eds. Andrés Torres and José E. Velasquez. 107-123.
• Basilio Serrano, “Rifle, Cañón, y Escopeta: A Chronicle of the Puerto Rican Student Union,” in The Puerto Rican Movement eds. Andrés Torres and José E. Velasquez. 124-143.
• Iris Morales, “Palante, Siempre Palante: The Young Lords,” in The Puerto Rican Movement: Voices from the Diaspora, eds. Andrés Torres and José E. Velasquez. 210-227.
• **Manuel G. Gonzales, “The Chicano Movement, 1965-1975,” in Mexicanos: A History of Mexicans in the United States . 191-222.
• **George Mariscal, Brown-Eyed Children of the Sun: Lessons from the Chicano Movement, 1965-1975. 171-209
• **Louis Desipio, “The Pressures of Perpetual Promise: Latinos and Politics, 1960-2003,” in The Columbia History of Latinos in the United States Since 1960 ed. David G. Gutiérrez, 421-465.

Recommended:

• Manuel G. Gonzáles & Cynthia Gonzáles. En Aquel Entonces: Readings in Mexican-American History. Chaps.
• Kal Wagenheim and Olga Jiménez de Wagenheim, The Puerto Ricans: A Documentary History. 303-306.
• Miguel “Mickey” Melendez, We Took the Streets: Fighting for Latino Rights with the Young Lords, 189-198.
• Angel A. Amy Moreno de Toro, “An Oral History of the Puerto Rican Socialist Party in Boston, 1972-1978,” in The Puerto Rican Movement eds. Andrés Torres and José E. Velasquez, 246-260.
• Lea Ybarra, Vietnam Veteranos: Chicanos Recall the War. 3-11 and 209-222.
• Armando Navarro. La Raza Unida Party: A Chicano challenge to the US Two-Party Dicatatorship. Chaps 1-3.
• Armando Navarro. The Cristal Experiment: A Chicano Struggle for Community Control.
• Susan Ferriss & Ricardo Sandoval. The Fight in the Fields: Cesar Chavez & the Farmworkers Movement.
• Marguerite V. Marin. Social Protest in an Urban Barrio: A Study of the Chicano Movement, 1966-1974.
• José Angel Gutiérrez. The Making of a Chicano Militant: Lessons from Cristal City.
• Eric V. Meeks, “The Chicano Movement and Cultural Citizenship,” in Border Citizens: The Making of Indians, Mexicans, and Anglos in Arizona. 180-210.
• Patricia Bell Blawis. Tijerina and the Land Grants: Mexican Americans in Struggle for their Heritage.
• Craig A. Kaplowitz, “A Distinct Minority: LULAC, Mexican American Identity, and Presidential Policymaking, 1965-1972,” Journal of Policy History 15, no. 2 (2003): 192-222.

Documents:

• “Young Lords Party: 13 Point Program and Platform,” Palante: The Young Lords Party, eds. Young Lords Party and Michael Abramson, 150.

Short Work:

• Research Sources Web Page

Week 13 – [11/25] Dominicans in the Northeast

• Jesse Huffnung Garskof.  A Tale of Two Cities: Santo Domingo and New York after 1950. Foreword, Chaps. 4,5,6, maps, notes.

Recommended:

• Patricia R. Pessar. A Visa for a Dream: Dominicans in the United States . Chaps.
• Luis Eduardo Guarnizo. "Los Dominicanyorks: the making of a binational society," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 533 (1994): 70-86.
• Milagros Ricourt. Dominicans in New York City: Power from the Margins.

Week 14 – [12/2 & 12/4] Cubans and South Florida since the 1890s

• Nancy Hewitt, Women's Activism in Tampa, Florida, 1880s-1920s. Chaps. 4, 7.
• María Cristina Garcia, Havana USA: Cuban Exiles and Cuban Americans in South Florida, 1959-1994. Chap. 1.
• Alejandro Portes and Alex Stepick, City on the Edge: The Transformation of Miami, chaps. 1, 4-6.
• Gerald Poyo. "The Cuban Experience in the United States , 1865-1940: Migration, Community and Identity." Cuban Studies 21 (1991).
• Louis A. Perez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture. Pgs. 432-444.
• Raymond A. Mohl "Review Essay: Ethnic Transformations in Late Twentieth-Century Florida." Journal of American Ethnic History 15, no. 2 (1996): 60-78.
• Nancy Raquel Mirabal. “’Ser De Aquí’: Beyond The Cuban Exile Model.” Latino Studies, 1, 2003: 366-382.

Recommended:

• Thomas A. Tweed, Our Lady of the Exile: Diasporic Religion at a Cuban Catholic Shrine in Miami.

Documents:

• How We Got Here Immigration and Ybor City, 1886 - 1921

Short work:

• Afro-Cuba Web
• Select one way to compare the experience of Cubans with that of Puerto Ricans or other Latino ethnic groups

Movie:

• El Super

Week 15 – [12/9] Central American and Mexican Immigrant Communities since the 1980s

• Nora Hamilton & Stoltz Chinchilla. Seeking Community in a Global City: Guatemalans and Salvadorans in Los Angeles. Chaps. 1-6.
• Leon fink. The Maya of Morganton. Work and Community in the Nuevo New South. Chaps 1-3 (70).
• Robert Smith.  Mexican New York: Transnational Lives of new Immigrants. Chap. 2 18-53 (dual context of transnational life)
• Terry Repak. Waiting on Washington. Chaps. 4-5.

Recommended:

• Sarah Mahler. "Suburban Transnational Migrants: Long Island's Salvadorans" in Migration, Transnationalization, and Race in a Changing New York. Ed. by Hector Cordero Guzman, Robert Smith and Ramon Grosfoguel.
• Jacqueline Maria Hagain. Deciding to be Legal: A Maya Community in Houston.
• Cecilia Menjívar, Fragmented Lives: Salvadoran Immigrant Networks in America
• Maria Cristina Garcia. Seeking Refuge: Central American Migration